A model of an oxygen-rich supply system based on hollow fiber membrane is proposed to solve the problem of insufficient indoor oxygen content. A mathematical model of air separation process using hollow fiber membrane is established using the microelement method and compared with experimental data, showing an average error of less then 15%, indicating the reliability of the membrane separation model. Then, a steady-state oxygen-enriched supply system containing hollow fiber membrane components and an air compressor is designed to analyze the effects of compressor pressure ratio and room pipeline return air oxygen concentration setting values on the power consumption and volume of the air compressor. The results indicate that although reducing the inlet pressure of the membrane module can reduce the power consumption of the compressor; however, it does not reduce the volume. Therefore, it is necessary to select a membrane module inlet pressure with relatively low power consumption and volume, with the optimal pressure being 200 kPa. The increase in the target value of oxygen concentration in the room's pipeline return air will increase the power consumption and volume of the compressor. When the oxygen volume fraction of the room return air is set at 21%, the compressor exhibits the lowest power consumption and volume. Based on the research results, the optimal working parameters can be selected for hollow fiber membranes in oxygen supply systems.