Abstract:In order to investigate the correlation between algae propagation and physico-chemical factors for reservoir water,the algae propagation was modelled and the factors were monitored under the microcosm environment for building regression equations. The linear matrix based on the biomass of anabaena(ACD),microcystis(ACM) and algae(AC) in moderate eutrophic situation was built. Results showed that the reservoir is phosphorous-limited and relative to total phosphorous (TP) and temperature. The prediction equations based on TP and temperature can predict algae concentration variations. The prediction equations bulit under microcosm conditions can help water plants predict algae concentrations and adjust water treatment processes according to the equations’results.

Abstract:Using the hybrid chemical and biological sludges as raw material,the adsorbent was prepared by chemically activating with 18. 0 mol/L H2SO4 in the mass ratio of 1∶ 3,and thereafter pyrolyzing at 550 ℃ for 1 h. The physical and chemical characteristics of the hybrid sludge-derived adsorbent were examined in terms of the surface physical morphology,the specific surface area and pore structure,the aluminum and iron contents, and element composition. Furthermore,the adsorption effect of the adsorbent for organic substances in wastewater was also investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity of the sludge-derived adsorbent for UV254 was lower than that of a commercial activated carbon (AC),while its capacity of adsorbing COD was higher than that of the commercial AC. Further study showed that the sludge-originated adsorbent could reduce the polymeric ferric aluminous chloride (PFAC) dosage when it was reused in chemically enhanced primary treatment. With the simultaneous dosing of 15 mg/L of PFAC and 0. 3 g/L of the adsorbent,the removal efficiencies of UV254 and COD reached to 26. 1% and 61. 6%,respectively. The coagulant dosage could be reduced to about 50% through the addition of the adsorbent to achieve similar removal efficiencies of UV254 and COD.

Abstract:In order to achieve the healthy cycle of urban water system and the sustainable development of human society,the root of the crisis of water was analyzed. Starting from the concept of ecology with scientific analysis method,the cycle law of natural resources,the ideological roots of the relationship between human and nature,and the disadvantages in pursuiting economic development with traditional production modes were demonstrated. Strategies are put forward for the changes of the function of traditional drainage system as well as the patterns of water use,and for the healthy cycle of social water and the water environment recovery. By grasping and using the laws of nature,limiting human activities in a natural ecological balance,the balance of ecosystems can be maitained and sustainable development can be achieved.

Abstract:Bio-hydrogen production technology as a renewable energy production technology mainly includes dark-fermentation,photo-fermentation,photolysis of water and the combination of dark-and photo-fermentation. The screening of strain,forms and regulation of process and forms of coupling are important to high efficient,continuous and stable hydrogen production. This paper summarizes the development of current bio-hydrogen technology,analyzes the problems in its theoretical and technical studies,and introduces the application prospect of bio-hydrogen technology.

Abstract:Temperature,pH,free ammonia (FA) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were monitored to study the start-up of nitrition reactor at room temperature during 150 d. First,in the SBR operation mode,ammonium salt was added in the influent to make ammonia concentration reach 200 mg·L-1 and DO reach 0. 2 mg·L-1. Then in the continuous stream mode,DO was maintained stable at 0.2 mg·L-1 and ammonium salt was not added. The result shows that the proliferation of AOB can be enhanced in high concentration ammonia water,so nitrite can be accumulated rapidly. In the continuous low concentration ammonia influent reactor,accumulation of nitrition can be achieved when DO is 0. 2 mg·L-1,and it turns to be full nitrification under 0. 5 mg·L-1,but nitrition can be accumulated again after DO is resumed. The resistant mutation of ammonia oxidizer is poor with temperature decrease,but the nitrification performance can be recovered immediately after temperature rise. The start-up of nitrition reactor can be started rapidly under high ammonia,and low DO is the major factor for accumulation of nitrition.

Abstract:In order to promote the engineering applications of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) for urban sewage treatment,the impact of nitrate,phosphate,ammonia and nitrite on the running performance of ANAMMOX biofilter reactor at room temperature was investigated respectively. Experimental results show that there is no significant impact on the TN removal load when the influent NO 3--N concentration is increased to about 500 mg/L. However,the TN removal load will drop obviously when the infulent TP concentration is higher than 10 mg/L,which can be restored after stopping dosing phosphate. Appropriately increasing the concentration of NH 4+-N and NO 2--N is beneficial to the improvement of TN removal load. At room temperature conditions,nitrate basically has no effect on the ANAMMOX biofilter for municipal wastewater with low ammonia. But for phosphate,it has a certain impact on the activity of ANAMMOX,and the improvement of the influent phosphate concentration has a reversible inhibition for ANAMMOX reaction in the urban sewage with low ammonia.

Abstract:In this research,the removal efficiency of As (Ⅲ) by biofilter was studied under filtration velocity of 3,4 and 5 m/h respectively,using well-established biofilter column and synthetic raw water which contains As (Ⅲ),Fe(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅱ) in the concentration of 30-200 μg/L,0. 5-1. 5 mg/L and 0. 6-2. 0 mg/L,respec-tively. The results indicate that the removal efficiency of biofilter on As (Ⅲ) can be over 95%,and it is not af-fected by As with the concentration below 200 μg/L in the raw water. The capability of arsenic removal of the biofilter is found to concentrate in the filter bed with deepness of 0-660 mm after measuring the samples from different sampling places. And As (Ⅲ)and Fe(Ⅱ) will exceed the standards for a short time after back-washing.

Abstract:Two parallel lab-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors were employed to evaluate the granulation of hydrogen-production sludge. One reactor was inoculated by a mixture of anoxic sludge and anaerobic sludge,the other by anaerobic sludge. By keeping temperature at (35 ±0. 5) ℃,hydrogen production rate (HPR),distribution of granular diameter,liquid end products and other parameters by the end of start-up stage were examined with the organic loading rate (OLR) increased. It was found that there was an easier granulation in the mixed sludge inoculated reactor. The medial diameter of granules and the HPR in the mixed reactor were 1. 25 times and 1. 23 times of those in the anaerobic one by the end. Both reactors formed ethanol-type fermantation,which suggested that fermentation type was not influenced by seed sludge. By the end of start-up stage,pH was 3. 9-4. 3 in the mixed sludge inoculated reactor and 4. 0-4. 4 in the other reactor. The mixed sludge inoculated reactor also maintained a higher volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration of 27. 2 g/L than that of 24. 1 g/L for the other reactor. It is indicated that better granulation contributes to the high HPR and stable-running of the hydrogen production reactor. Moreover,mixture of anoxic sludge and anaerobic sludge is a better choice for inoculation.

Abstract:Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was operated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Fluorenscent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to study the competition between the phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs). The influence of competition between PAOs and GAOs on phosphate removal efficiency was discussed. The results showed that 0-20 d was an adjusting stage. COD and phosphate removal efficiencies of SBR were unstable. PAOs and GAOs competed for the predominant status in reactor. During 20-60 d,the amount of PAOs increased gradually,while the amount of Alphaproteobacteria decreased and Gammaproteobacteria contents was below 8. 11% in this stage,which indicates that low temperature is beneficial to PAOs. PAOs proliferated rapidly during 50-60 d. Because the increased amount of PAOs was only 3. 2% per 5 d,the phosphate removal efficiency in reactor was not delayed.

Abstract:To investigate the wastewater treatment efficiency of an anoxic tank-aerobic MBR system,COD,ammonia and total nitrogen (TN) removal rate were measured at different organic loadings (OL) of raw sewage (in COD,315. 8,407. 5 and 507. 7 g·m-3·d-1). PCR-DGGE and 16S rDNA were used to detect microbial community structures in the system. Results show that increasing OL can enhance the removal rate of COD from 65. 9% to 85. 95% and that of TN from 18. 5% to 69. 5% ,but it has little impact on ammonia removal. The system has advantages on both low-organic-carbon-dependant TN removal and excess sludge control. Changes of OL obviously influence system’s microbial community structures. The system is robust and highly efficient under moderate OL conditions,with the highest Shannon diversity index (0. 95) of all the OL conditions.

Abstract:In order to culture the syntrophic acetogenesis coculture in large scale and make it be used in fullscale application,the effect of carbon source,nitrogen source,temperature and pH on the activity of a new isolated syntrophic acetogenesis cocluture 7-m-2a was investigated in this study. The result of batch cultivation experiments shows that the syntrophic acetogenesis coculture 7-m-2a can utilize propionate,butyrate and benzoate as carbon source,and the most appropriate substrate is butyrate,while it almost can not degrade glucose and sucrose. The metabolic activity is the most active when using the mixture of tryptone and yeast as nitrogen source. The suitable cultivation temperature and pH are 45 ℃ and 8. 0.

Abstract:In order to predict the evaporative amount of spilled oil at low temperature,the shallow dish test was conducted to investigate the evaporation of diesel and Daqing crude oil,respectively. On the basis of the mixed liquid evaporation mechanism,Fingas’evaporation models were ameliorated by adding a coefficient e-k/θ. The experimental results indicate that the ameliorated models are adopted when the difference between air temperature and the oil’s solidifying point (θ) is less than 10 ℃. The volatile components come into the air from the oil surface within a certain depth(h),which decreases as T decreases. The resistance coefficient k is 0. 993 and 0. 989 for the diesel and crude oil,respectively. The evaporation of oil on the water surface infested with ice is closely related to the exposed area (Af) and thickness (ho) of the oil slick,which can be simulated by the model appended with (Afhoe-k/θ) /V. The ameliorated models can simulate the oil evaporation very well at low temperature.

Abstract:In this study,petroleum products and a typical SBR wastewater treatment plant were chosen to investigate the impact of episodic petroleum pollution accident on the performance of wastewater treatment of the plant. The feasibility of using wastewater treatment plant to remove oil pollution was investigated. The experimental results show that SBR wastewater treatment plant can effectively resist the impact of 50 mg/L oil pollution and the effluent water quality reaches the national discharge standards. However,the COD and oil concentrations are over the national discharge standards when the oil impact concentration is higher than 100 mg/L. In such a case,other technical methods combined with SBR are needed to enhance the treatment efficiency. SBR wastewater treatment plant can resist the effect of oil pollution when the petroleum concentration is within a threshold value.

Abstract:In order to compare the bromate removal effect of activated carbon with that of biological activated carbon,by making pilot-scale test,the changes of biomass on activated carbon surface and bromate removal rate were investigated. The results indicated that the bromate removal rate of new activated carbon was 57. 1% ,and as the biomass increased,the removal effect of bromate was improved gradually during transformation process from granular activated carbon to biological activated carbon. After 8 months,the bromate removal rate achieved 75. 4% and the concentration of bromate could be controlled by biological activated carbon steadily,which proved that biological activated carbon was more suitable for bromate removal than granular activated carbon.

Abstract:To enhance the anaerobic treatability of Lurgi coal gasification wastewater ( LCGW),full-scale study on external circulation anaerobic treatment of LCGW was carried out and the effects of influent concentration,hydraulic retention time and methanol addition on the treatment efficiency were studied. Results indicated that the treatment efficiency of LCGW was very low and the removal efficiency of COD and total phenols were 18. 5% and 20. 3% with the influent COD and total phenols of 1 100 mg/L and 210 mg/L,respectively. When the influent COD increased to 2 100 mg/L,the removal efficiencies of COD and total phenols were 18. 5% and 20. 3% respectively. Prolonging the hydraulic retention time from 24 h to 48 h,the COD and total phenols removal increased slightly. The COD and total phenols removal increased to 40. 7% and 35. 2% respectively with the methanol addition of 200-500 mgCOD/L. The methanol addition can enhance anaerobic treatment efficiency obviously,but the effect of dilution or prolonged hydraulic retention time is slight.

Abstract:By fractioning natural organic matters (NOM) sourced from Songhua River with series of ultra membranes, the effect of each fraction on the degradation of BPA and NB by ozonation was investigated. It was found that the introduction of NOM fractions exept for NOM5K-10K and NOM3K-5K slightly decreased the removal efficiency of BPA which is highly reactive with ozone. On the contrary,for the refractory organic pollutant NB,NOM fractions,especially the fractions with high molecular weight (NOM>10K,NOM5K-10K,NOM3K-5K,and NOM1K-3K),promoted its degradation due to the enhancement of chain reaction which is accompanied by the formation of hydroxyl radical,and the extent of promotion depended on the types and amounts of functional groups contained in NOM fractions.

Abstract:In order to study the function and the application value of iron silicate polymer,a series of experiment were conducted in different ozonation reaction systems for degradation of chloronitrobenzenes(CNBs)in aqueous solution. Static test results showed that the iron silicate polymer was activated in catalytic ozonation for degradation CNBs not only in distilled water,but also in tap water; compared with the ozone alone,in deionized water condition,catalyzed ozonation could make the removal efficiency of oCNB,mCNB and pCNB enhanced by 41% ,39% and 46% respectively; in tap water condition,catalyzed ozonation could make the removal efficiency of oCNB,mCNB and pCNB enhanced by 27%,30% and 27% respectively. In a continuous flow process under the tap water condition,catalyzed ozonation could enhance the removal efficiency of oCNB,mCNB and pCNB by 20% ,24% and 20% respectively. As tert-butyl alcohol can inhibit the efficiency of catalyzed ozonation of CNBs,the mechanism of iron silicate polymer enhanced ozone oxidation of CNBs can be identified as that iron silicate polymer catalyzed ozone to decompose into hydroxyl radicals which further break up the molecule of CNBs.

Abstract:To obtain the pyrolysis characteristics of sewage sludge under different heat sources and achieve the resources of sludge,a study was carried out on the traditional pyrolysis characteristics and gas production of swage sludge at different heating rates by TG-FTIR analysis. The feature and major process of microwave pyrolysis were investigated through data comparison. The results show that the TG curves of microwave pyrolysis and traditional pyrolysis at the heating rate of 100 ℃ /min were similar,in which three periods of losing weight occur at the same time. FTIR analysis results indicate that decarboxylation of hydrocarbons produces CO2,alkane pyrolysis produces CH4,and the response of water,CO2 and coke is a major source of CO. Activated carbon used as microwave absorbing material plays a significant role in the production of CO and H2 in the process of microwave pyrolysis.

Abstract:Numerical simulation of flow field,temperature field,concentration field and ecological process is a powerful tool for operation,management and environmental protection of reservoir based on EFDC. The hydrodynamic model is utilized to simulate the temperature field of Mopanshan reservoir under unsteady flow condition and all the numerical simulations are carried out. The results show that the reservoir is under the condition of thermal stratification in the whole year. In April the temperature difference in vertical is small. In June and July the water close to the surface forms a thermocline,which is a barrier of mass transfer in vertical. In September and October the mixing of water in different temperature layers is strengthened and it has a large effect on water quality. The study provides a reference for locating the water intake with seasons. It is suggested that water plants should enhance the preprocess in high water period in September and October.

Abstract:It is important to guarantee the re-injected water quality for the exploitation of the extra-low permeability oilfield. The produced water analysis demonstrates that the conventional physical-chemical methods can not meet the stable re-injected water requirements,especially the removal of suspended solids. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify the presence of organic compositions of produced water. The results show that most of organic matters are biodegradable. On this basis,this paper studied the treatment of produced water for extra-low permeability oilfield by coagulation-MBR process,and the re-injected water reached the standard stably and continually. The biological treatment as an environmental friendly method on the produced water of extra-low permeability oilfield is recommended. Biological treatment on produced water of extra-low permeability oilfield can ensure the stable re-injected water and avoid the secondary pollution caused by the addition of chemical agents.

Abstract:Organic content and the pollution of natural water can be characterized by membrane pressure and membrane area in membrane pressure method. Effect of the molecular structure of organic pollutants on their surface membranes formed on the air/water interface was studied using π-A isotherms,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Atomic force microscopy. It was shown that the number of hydroxyl groups had great effect on the properties of surface membranes. At the same temperature,the collapse pressure of the lipid with 3 hydroxyl groups was higher than that of the lipid with 1 hydroxyl group because of stronger hydrogen bonding. In addition,more condensed surface microstructure was found for the former lipid at the same surface pressure. The results may provide a basis for the establishment of the state equation of surface membrane and the measurement of surface membrane of urban sewage.

Abstract:This paper discusses the possibility and optimal conditions of brewery wastewater treatment using a new strain of photosynthetic bacteria (Z08). Light-anaerobic,natural light-microaerobic,and dark-aerobic operational conditions were explored to treat the wastewater and recover bacterial protein. The results show that the COD removal ratio under light-anaerobic condition (88% ) is greater than that under natural light-microaerobic condition (74% ),ant it is also greater than that under dark-aerobic condition (62% ); total bacterial growth ratio under light-anaerobic condition (38% ) is greater than that under natural light-microaerobic condition (-35% ),and it is also greater than that under dark-aerobic condition (-43% ); hydraulic retention time under light-anaerobic condition (240 h) is longer than that under natural light-microaerobic condition (60 h) and that under dark-aerobic condition (36 h). It is feasible to use Z08 to treat beer wastewater and recover bacteria cell mass. The recommended conditions are as follows: anaerobic in daytime and aerobic at night,with additional artificial light when needed. Under such conditions,pollutants in the wastewater can be rapidly transformed into bacterial cell mass for utilization with a transformation efficiency of 26% for single cell protein.

Abstract:In order to research the saccharification process of straw and screen efficient saccharification microflora,especially to solve the problem about the capability assessment of cellulose saccharification,a mixed strain was selected by serial dilution method. A new method is proposed,in which the mixed strain and high efficient H2-producing strain are put in different chambers for hydrogen production culture with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation to evaluate the capability of cellulose saccharification by the amount of glucose consumed for producing hydrogen. The results show that the use of serial dilution switching methods can screen a high efficient saccharification microflora JY665,and the bacterial hydrogen production volume and the amount of reducing sugars can be fitted as a regression curve. By calculating,the maximum reducing sugar yield can reach 0. 515 0 g/g-straw for the complex strains JY,and the straw degradation rate reaches 61. 06% .

Abstract:An A2 /O system was simulated in laboratory to investigate the effect of polymeric aluminum-iron (Al-Fe) on the performance of biological system. Chemical of polymeric Al-Fe was added in the front of the aeration tank and the effect of the dosage on the removal efficiency of TP,TN,and COD was studied. PHA content in the sludge was detected by gas chromatography analysis to estimate the effect of polymeric Al-Fe on the phosphate-accumulating bacteria. The results show that polymeric Al-Fe affects the biological phosphorus removal in A2 /O system. Under the experimental conditions,the maximum phosphorus removal is obtained at the dosage of 4 mg Al/L,TN and COD removal efficiencies are improved as well with the addition of polymeric Al-Fe. It is indicated that the total phosphorus removal in the system is determined by the combination of chemical phosphorus removal and biological phosphorus removal.

Abstract:Aniline-degrading bacteria conserved by laboratory were tested in Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR) to investigate the capability of aniline removal,the variation of interrelated index such as COD,NH 4+ ,NO 2-and NO 3-,and the community succession of microorganism. The results showed that SBR started up quickly and degraded aniline effectively. The removal efficiency of aniline reached 100% and the removal efficiency of COD was about 93% when the system reached steady running. The photographs screened by scanning electron microscope(SEM) indicated that the aniline-degrading bacteria spread over the activated sludge. It was found from the PCR-DGGE map and the similarity matrix that the species and the amounts of microorganism changed greatly,and dominant species in the system were strengthened.

Abstract:Nanostructured material MCM-41 was modified with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane followed by bromoacetic acid. Both modified and unmodified adsorbents were characterized by SEM,contact angle,and FTIR spectroscopy. The Cu(II) adsorption by the modified MCM-41 was investigated. At an initial concentration of 50 mg/L,the optimum conditions for the removal of copper ions were pH of 6 and contact time of 40 min. The kinetics of Cu(II) adsorption of the modified adsorbent could be described by Langmuir model and Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu(II) was found to be 38. 46 mg/g.

Abstract:The effects of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth of rice and the reduction of chemical fertilizer usage were investigated in pot experiments,which included substrates with three different AMF concentrations. The inoculation situations of AMF to the roots of rice were compared,and the promotion to the rice growth and the potential of AMF in reducing the agricultural non-point pollution generated by chemical fertilizer were also investigated. The results showed that G. mosseae was ubiquitous in the natural substrate and could formulate mycorrhizal with the root system of rice. However,the effects of blank controller and natural substrate on the growth of rice did not have significant statistical difference. AMF could obviously enhance the mycorrhizal colonization rate to the root system of rice. Compared with the natural substrate,the stem lengths,total biomass,surface areas of root system and the yield of rice were enhanced by 20. 6% , 30% ,36. 6% and 45. 3% ,respectively. 3. 14 kg nitrogen fertilizer,1. 88 kg phosphate fertilizer and 2. 42 kg potassic fertilizer were reduced for producing per 100 kg rice. AMF enhanced the growth and production of rice and was potential in reducing the pollution caused by the usage of chemical fertilizer.

Abstract:The water quality health risk assessment model is usually applied to the evaluation of the drinking water quality and sudden water pollution accidents. In the course of establishing the index system of transboundary paroxysmal water pollution accidents,for the non-steady state features of characteristic pollutants concentration,the traditional water quality health risk assessment model of EPA was modified as to be a significant index of our forecasting system. On the basis of this,the water quality health risk of two typical transboundary water pollution accidents: the nitrobenzene pollution of Songhua River and the cadmium pollution of North River,was calculated by utilizing the historical data. The results show that the modified model can describe the potential harmful levels to human health quickly and quantitatively,which provides the scientific evidence for trans-boundary paroxysmal water pollution accidents forecasting and its emergency treatment.

Abstract:In this paper,the batch isotherm experiments were performed to study the characteristics of adsorption and desorption of 2,4-DCP on three sediments with different physical-chemical characters,which were collected from the Songhua River in Harbin,Dalianhe and Jiamusi. Experimental results demonstrate that the adsorption of 2,4-DCP in three sediments can be completely balanced in 24 h. The adsorption isotherm is nonlinear and fitted with the form of the Freundlich equation under experimental condition(R2 >0. 92). The adsorption capacity of sediment follows the order: Jiamusi sediment > Dalianhe sediment > Harbin sediment. The value of HI follows the order: Harbin sediment > Dalianhe sediment > Jiamusi sediment. The desorption process of 2,4DCP has an obvious hysteresis,and all of them are less than 1. Furthermore,the co-relationship between HI and the physical-chemical characters of sediment is positive(R2 >0. 444).

Abstract:The quality of the wastewater from the equipment of COFCO’s cellulosic ethanol was analyzed and it was determined that the suspended solid was high to 123 868 mg/L,meanwhile CODCr was over 12 000 mg/L. At least 52 kinds of organic compounds were detected according to the GC-MS analysis and acetic acid as high as 29188 mg/L was found,which was dominated in the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the wastewater. Taking CODCr removal rate,liquid yield after pretreatment for SS removal,treatment rate and energy consumption per unit volume as evaluation parameters,three physical pretreatment methods for suspended solid removal was tested,including natural subsidence(NS),centrifugation separation(CS),plate and frame filter press method in laboratoryscale. Results show that the SS removal rate is 66. 44% for plate and frame filter-press filtration and COD removal rate can reach 64. 75% . The plate and frame filter press method is also predominant in the treatment rate (0. 6 h/L) and energy consumption per unit (0. 22(kW·h) /L). Most of the conventional water quality indicators and the ion concentration decrease significantly with the solid-liquid separation.

Abstract:In order to increase the organic matter removal rate during advanced treatment,the characteristics and transformation of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in SBR effluent during the Fenton oxidation in laboratory scale were studied. DOM was fractionated using XAD resins into 5 fractions: hydrophobic acid(HPO-A),hydrophobic neutral(HPO-N),transphilic acid(TPI-A),transphilic neutral(TPI-N) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). The HPO-A and HPO-N occupy 67% of the DOM. Dissolved organic carbon(DOC) was removed by 60. 01% and the significant changes in fluorescence properties of DOM were observed during Fenton oxidation. The SUVA of all the five fractions increased,which showed the enrichment of aromatic structures. The DOM fractions also exhibited different changes in Fourier-transform infrared( FT-IR) spectra characteristics during Fenton oxidation. It indicated that carboxylic acids existed as a major functional group in the SBR effluent HPO-A and TPI-A. HPO-N and TPI-N were similar,with greater hydrocarbon character and less carboxylic acid character than other fractions. Fenton oxidation resulted in the enrichment of C—O,C O and aromatic structures and the decreased content of O—H and —COOH functional groups in DOM. On the other hand,the production of amide-1 functional groups occurred.

Abstract:To illuminate the environmental impacts of the secondary pollution in wastewater treatment and facilitate scientific supervision,this research takes a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment process in Harbin as an example,and quantitatively analyzes the environmental impact load of the whole process using life cycle assessment(LCA) methods. In the impact assessment phase,improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the indicator weights. Weighting assessment results show that the impact on depletion of non-renewable resources is the largest,followed by land filling space,potential human health effects,global warming potential ( GWP),water eutrophication ( EU),acidification potential( AP),air quality potential (AQP),and photochemical ozone creation potential(POCP). The improvement measures for the reduction of resource consumption and pollutant emissions are proposed to make wastewater treatment play more environmental benefits.

Abstract:In this study,the concentrations and seasonal changes of sediment PCBs from 14 site points were characterized. 57 PCBs homologs were detected totally. The concentrations of ∑PCBs ranged from 1. 0 × 10-10 to 1. 15 × 10-8 and the average percentage was 1. 91 × 10-9,which showed a little seasonal changes. The ecological risk assessment was carried out and the same risk results were obtained with two methods: Hakanson ecological risk index and Canadian sediment quality guidelines (SQG). It is found that the ecological risk ranks in all target sites are all below the high ecological hazard. The risk value of Songyuan belongs to the middle ecological hazard in spring and the risk of the rest of the target sites belongs to the light ecological hazard in different seasons. The order of the top five risk sites is as follows: Songyuan > downriver Jiamusi > Fujin > downriver Harbin > upriver Harbin.

Abstract:In this paper,the effect of Ce-doping of metal oxidation on the removal of volatile organic compounds was studied. The combustion catalysts MnOx /TiO2 and MnOx-CeO2 /TiO2 were prepared with MnOx and MnOx-CeO2 as active components by impregnation method on porous TiO2 films. The active group of distribution ratio and loading,calcination temperature,and calcination time were investigated on toluene removal. The preparation process of catalyst was the loading amount of Mn about 15 wt% ,and the ratio of Mn to Ce 3∶ 1 at the calcination temperature of 500 ℃ for 5 h. Experimental results show that compared with MnOx /TiO2, the ignition and complete conversion temperatures on MnOx-CeO2 /TiO2 catalyst are significantly lowered,the size of oxide particles on the surface of MnOx-CeO2 /TiO2 catalyst is reduced and they disperse evenly.

Abstract:A method for the determination of Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602),Dechlorane 603 (Dec 603),Dechlorane 604 (Dec 604) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) in wastewater by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NCI/MS) has been developed. The water sample was extracted by classical liquid-liquid extraction method to collect the Dechloranes from both particle phase and water phase, cleaned up using silica gel and then analyzed by GC-NCI/MS under the optimized conditions of 150 ℃source temperature,150 ℃ quadrupole temperature,280 ℃ initial temperature and 1 kV electron multiplier (EM) offset voltage. The quantitation limits of Dec 602,Dec 603,Dec 604 and DP were 0. 01-0. 1 ng·L-1. The correlation coefficients were above 0. 99 for the calibration curves. The validity of this method was demonstrated by determination of Dechloranes in wastewater of a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Harbin,China. The results indicate that the recovery rates of all Dechloranes in wastewater are 74%-122% ,the relative standard deviations (DRS) are less than 13. 2% . The concentrations of Dechloranes in influent and effluent are 3. 2 ng·L-1and 0. 19 ng·L-1,respectively. Dechloranes are dominanted by DP in wastewater.

Abstract:Based on the ecological footprint,a water resources capacity model was built up. The water resources indicator data of Heilongjiang province from 2003 to 2008 were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the water resources capacity decreased,and the demand for ecological footprint of water resources increased year by year,and it reached the maximum of 0. 311 7 hm2 /cap in 2008. The reasons for the unsustainable development of water resources in Heilongjiang province were analyzed,and recommendations on scientific management and effective utilization of water resources were put forward. Calculation result verifies that the ecological footprint of water resources and the capacity calculation model are scientific and reasonable. The study provides a basis for scientific decision making of water resources utilization.

Abstract:A case study of a gasification plant in Harbin was performed using mathematical models,with the consideration of the water quality of waste gasification,conventional processes for removal of pollutants, wastewater discharge in emergency situations and other factors. Health risks caused by the volatile phenol pollution in the surface water environment were analyzed. The results show that the non-carcinogenic health risks caused by volatile phenol in the water are in the range of 1. 67 ×10-7 /a-9. 12 ×10-7 /a,which are less than the acceptable level of non-carcinogenic pollutants. But in the discharge state in an accident in the sewage treatment system,health risks caused by volatile phenol pollution are 5. 3 times of those under normal operating conditions. The health risks value of an accident is 88. 3%-91. 2% of the acceptable level,close to the limits of the acceptable level,and accidents have greatly increased the environmental health risks.