Abstract:To study the defining and quantification of the performance level of large span space structure under seismic motion, based on the singlelayer kiewitt reticulated dome, this paper defines the graded performance level. And then the structural damage model based on the multiple dynamic responses using the whole course analysis method was conducted. The different damage degree, the boundary value of graded performance level and the corresponding dynamic responses were quantified by this damage model. At last, the vulnerability analysis of the graded performance level of large span space structure was completed.

Abstract:To perfect the calculation formula of concrete local compression bearing capacity for the current code, which has no considering the influence of longitudinalsteel in beam, longitudinalsteel in column and stirrup, the positive influence of steel in beams and columns in the local compression bearing capacity calculation, and the thought that reinforcement intersected with anchor plate in beams and columns can be regarded as equivalent plate are put forward. The analysis result shows that the equivalent new added local compression area of reinforcement in beams and columns in node can be taken as the projected area of 3 times of the diameter of steel bars in the direction of prestressed bars. Based on the analysis, the calculation formula of local compression area and calculated bottom area, and the calculation method of local compression bearing capacity considering the effect of longitudinalsteel in beam, longitudinalsteel in column and stirrup are put forward.

Abstract:When the area of concrete beams and concrete columns strengthened by the method of enlarging the crosssection is small, the coarse aggregate is usually hard to be injected the strengthening area and the concrete is also difficult to be vibrated. Thus, a new strengthening technology named strengthening technology by grouting in the welding closed steel template is proposed in this paper, which firstly assembles the steel outside the original components, secondly sets the steel templates and lastly pours the cementbased grouting material. This strengthening technology is characterized by using the cementbased grouting material and welding closed steel template to replace the traditional concrete and traditional templates. It has already been applied in two applications which are presented in this paper, and the result shows that it can be easily applied in the structural applications, and it can save construction time considerably, and make the construction process more convenient.

Abstract:To study the explosive spalling and compressive strength degradation of reactive powder concrete (RPC) after high temperature treatment, the high temperature test and compression test were carried out by 300 cube specimens with the size of 70.7 mm×70.7 mm×70.7 mm and 120 prism specimens with the size of 40 mm×40 mm×160 mm. The effects of fiber type, fiber content, heating temperature and specimen size on the compressive strength and failure characteristic of RPC were analyzed. The results indicate that the steel fiber volume dosage of 2% or polypropylene fiber volume dosage of 0.3% can effectively prevent RPC from spalling. The presence of steel fiber has active effect on the compressive strength of RPC after high temperature, and polypropylene fiber has adverse effect on the compressive strength. The compressive strength of RPC after high temperature increases first and then decreases with the increasing of temperatures. By regression analysis, the equations to express the relationship between compressive strength of RPC and exposure temperatures are proposed.

Abstract:To verify the feasibility of the numerical methods and solution strategies for simulating the flows around bluff bodies controlled by steady suction, the separation and reattachment over a suctioncontrolled backwardfacing step (BFS) flow is numerically investigated using the dynamic kinetic energy subgridscale model (DKEM) model based on the large eddy simulation (LES) method and the SST k-ω model based on the Reynolds averaged NavierStokes (RANS) method, respectively. Comparisons of the mean pressure coefficient and reattachment length between the numerical simulations and the existed experiment are also conducted to prove the validity. The results indicate that the LES can acquire exact results under the refined grid adopted in the paper. Suction control with any suction flow coefficient C^Q can reduce the recirculation zone and reattachment length, and thus improve the flow fields downstream the step. With the increasing increments of the absolute C^Q,the effect of suction control is more significant. 

Abstract:Previous study showed that natural estrin, 17Estradiol (E2), could weaken the estrogenicity of Bisphenol A (BPA), a common estrin in water resources. In order to learn the potential mechanisms, experiments were performed with human breast cancer cell MCF7 on the cell cycle, estrogen receptor pathway and MAPKs pathway. Results showed that E2 worked through estrogen receptors and ERK pathway, and activated Cmyc gene, Cfos gene, and cyclin D1 protein, and thus increased the S section of the cell cycle. BPA worked mainly through estrogen receptors by activating cyclin D1 protein, and increased the S and G2 sections of the cell cycle. The mixture of BPA and E2 worked through both pathways, activated both Cfos and cyclin D1, and increased both S and G2 sections of the cell cycle. The main mechanism of E2’s weakening on BPA’s estrogenicity might be the decreased expression of Cmyc protein.

Abstract:To further improve the removal of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in secondary effluent during the laboratoryscale soil aquifer treatment (SAT), flyash (FA) was added to the traditional soil columns as an additive in different proportions and filling patterns. Removal and transformation of the trihalomethanes (THMs) precursors in secondary effluent in the FAadditive SAT system was investigated by the analysis of ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV²⁵⁴), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), specific ultraviolet light absorbance (SUVA) and excitationemission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The FAadditive enhanced the reduction of DOC, UV²⁵⁴, SUVA and THMFP efficiently. The increasing of FA dosage would lead to a high removal efficiency of DOM during SAT operation, but the biodegradation of the columns was negatively affected. Experimental results demonstrated that the combination of FA adsorption and biodegradation in soil could achieve a better removal of DOM. Fluorescence intensity showed that the FAadditive could effectively remove aromatic acid proteins, humiclike and fulviclike materials (THMs precursors) in secondary effluent.

Abstract:The domestic anion exchange resin 315 was selected to separate lactic acid from the fermentation broth. Adsorption isotherm, kinetics, effect of dynamic adsorption and elution on lactic acid, acetic acid, pyruvic acid and citric acid were studied. Adsorption isotherm results showed that the Freundlich isotherm equation agreed well with the adsorption data of organic acids on anion exchange resin 315, and the characteristic parameter of this equation n>1. It displayed that the adsorption process belonged to favorable adsorption. Besides, the adsorption kinetics of organic acids on anion exchange resin 315 was mainly controlled by liquid film diffusion, and it accorded well with the Boyd liquid film diffusion model. The optimum dynamic adsorption and elution conditions were determined: adsorption flowrate, 15 BV／h; pH 188; eluent, deionized water; elution flowrate, 1 BV／h. Under these conditions, the lactic could be well separated from the fermentation broth to achieve the purpose of increasing the yield of lactic acid products and improving product purity.

Abstract:To reduce the harm to raw water pipes by Limnoperna fortunei, the experimental study of inactivation effect on Limnoperna fortunei with potassium permanganate under different conditions in the raw water was conducted. At the same temperature, the inactivation effect increased with the concentration of potassium first; when the concentration reached 15 mg／L, the effect was the best; the inactivation effect was worse when the concentration was 18 mg／L. When the concentration was higher than 2 mg／L, the Limnoperna fortunei closed shells to protect themselves for a long time, 8 days or more. At this time, the mortality has little to do with the concentration. The results show that the concentration of potassium permanganate of 12-18 mg／L could achieve the purpose of killing Limnoperna fortunei as soon as possible with low costs. As the temperature increases, the killing effect is improved. The tolerance of Limnoperna fortunei of which the shell length is less than 10 mm or larger than 20 mm is weaker than that of others.

Abstract:To improve the growth and efficiency of aerobic denitrifying bacteria, by adding different dose of magnetic powder (within 05-30 g／L, 05 g／L for a gradient) and after 24 h, the growth absorbency, nitrate removal rate and dehydrogenase activity were determinated. Results show that the growth increases, and the nitrogen removal efficiency and dehydrogenase activity of T13 first increase and then decrease with increasing of magnetic powder dosage. The magnetic powder promotes the aerobic denitrifying bacteria growth and efficiency, and 20 g／L of magnetic powder is the optimal dosing quantity, under which the dehydrogenase activity and denitration nitrogen removal of T13 go to the maximum 739 μg／(mL·h) and 100％ respectively.

Abstract:To find a method of microbial immobilization which was efficient, fast and applied to biomass carrier — mycelial pellet, bacteria JH-9 were immobilized onto mycelial pellet formed by Aspergillus Y3. And the characteristics and internal structure of two different immobilization methods were compared. The simultaneity culture immobilization method could immobilize more bacteria and with little time with same bacteria inoculation count. Moreover, the volume and quantity of combined mycelial pellets formed by simultaneity culture immobilization method were bigger than that by adsorption immobilization method, and its diameter、weight and relative density were smaller. To immobilize with the same method, the size and volume of combined mycelial pellets were in direct proportion to the inoculation count of engineering bacteria, whereas its weight and relative density were opposite. Bacteria were immobilized and grew on each mycelium of combined mycelial pellets formed by simultaneity culture immobilization method.

Abstract:The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation ability of raw Conventional activated sludge (CAS) can be improved with proper acclimating method, which is necessary for high PHA yield. This study compared two acclimating strategies: onestep acclimation and twostep acclimation. The comparison was based on the PHA production activity, substrate utilization rate and sludge characteristics. The onestep acclimation performed a PHA yield of 019 g／g acetate acid and an acetate acid utilization rate of 88 mg／(L·min). The PHA maximum content was obtained 90 min later after substrate feeding accomplished. The final biomass concentration (MLVSS) was around 2 000 mg／L. The data of these three criteria for the twostep acclimation were 024 g／g acetate acid, 273 mg／(L·min), 30 min and 4 500 mg／L, respectively,which were all increased. Our study indicated that the twostep acclimating strategy was more suitable to cultivate PHAproduction CAS.

Abstract:To develop a feasible method for inhibiting methanogenesis while enhancing fermentative hydrogen production in anaerobic organic wastewater fermentation process, a continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) a methane production feature was introduced and used as the baseline condition. The CSTR was operated at (35±1) ℃ with an influent COD 7 000 mg／L and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) 8 h throughout the performance test. When the pH in the CSTR decreased from 65-72 to 60-65, the methane yield decreased remarkably and could not be inspected in the biogas at last, while the percentage of hydrogen in biogas kept at a low level less than 3％. When the CSTR operated with a lower pH 40-50, the acidogenesis was further enhanced with a total organic intermediate of 2 052 mg／L, dominated by ethanol and acetic acid, indicating a typical ethanoltype fermentation established in the CSTR. During the ethanoltype fermentation process, a biogas yield of 26 L／d was obtained with a hydrogen percentage about 45％. The specific hydrogen producing rate of the anaerobic activated sludge reached at 167 L／(g·d) averagely.

Abstract:Based on analysis of commonly used water quality evaluation methods, the weighted gray correlation method was proposed in this paper. A case study of Songhua river in Harbin section was carried out by the water monitoring data in 2009, and it showed that, contrasted to the traditional equal weight gray correlation method, the grey weighted correlation method, according to different functional of every section, could determine the evaluation indicator’s weights, strengthen the impact of concentrations of indicators, and consider every indicator’s impact, so that the accuracy of water evaluation results could be improved.

Abstract:To obtain the formulas of number of transfer unit (NTU) of U shaped fintube heat exchangers, a U shaped fintube heat exchanger is taked as research object. Approximate NTU formulas of number of transfer unit are derived by establishing heat transfer model of U shaped fintube when the trend of two flows in fintube heat exchanger is counter and parallel, respectively. Subsequently, the heat transfer coefficients of fintube are compared and analyzed by effectivenessnumber of transfer unit method (εNTU method) and logarithm mean temperature difference method (LMTD method) when inlet water temperature is from 45 ℃ to 60 ℃ and water flow rate is from 30 kg／h to 110 kg／h. The results show that, the difference of the heat transfer coefficients respectively calculated by εNTU method and LMTD method is so small that these NTU formulas are valid

Abstract:To solve the problem of inhomogeneous distribution of Kang′s surface temperature and poor indoor thermal comfort, this paper proposes a method to incline the Kang board. By the numerical simulation of grounded Kang and elevated Kang with different oblique degree of Kang board, it is found that when the claypan thickness at the head/end of the Kang is 80/20 mm, the Kang has the best heating effect.

Abstract:The major allergens in yak milk were obtained by chemical methods, and purified by a fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) combined gel chromatography in order to analyze allergenicity of protein in yak milk. Casein and whey were isolated after adjusting isoelectric precipitating of skimmed milk to 46 by adding 10％ acetic acid. Based on differential solubility in urea solutions and differential sensitivity of calcium, αscasein and βcasein were separated from whole casein. And then, the crude fractions of αscasein, βcasein were further separated using anionexchange FPLC and Sephadex G100 column. βlactoglobulin was separated from acid whey using chelating of citrate sodium at low pH in the presence of salt and purified by FPLC. The results of RPHPLC showed that the purities of αs, βcasein, and βlactoglobulin were 8713％, 8858％, and 8000％, respectively.

Abstract:To overcome the limitation to simulate thestructure under earthquake with tests and threedimensional finite element method, it is important to search for damage and degradation factors and the degradation characteristics in component stage to improve the accuracy of member model. ABAQUS is used and the nonlinear finite element model is proved correct and applicable by the existed steel frame connections quasstatic tests at home and abroad. By a large number of parameters analysis, the local buckling cumulative damage phenomena of steel frame connections is further discussed and local buckling cumulative damage degradation distribution curve is obtained. Due to analysis of influence factors, the connections strength degradation is acquired which is a powerful tool for member model analysis considering of damage and degradation. The results show that the panel zone strength and thickness ratios of plates have significant impact on failure mode of connections. By local reinforcement to change the connections failure mode can effectively improve the ductility and energy dissipation, prevent weld cracking that will lead to early damage and fast degradation under large earthquake which would seriously affect the overall mechanical properties of the structure.

Abstract:To promote building and housing industrialization, test research was carried out on the plane model of new precast concrete shortlimbed shear wall (NPC). Lowcyclic reversed load test was carried out on two NPC and one castinsitu 1/2 scale plane models of three story and single span. By observing their failure processes and failure modes and contrasting their hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, displacement ductility coefficients and energy dissipation capacity, the seismic behavior was synthetically evaluated on aspects of strength, stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation. The test result shows that, compared to castinsitu models, NPC models have similar carrying capacity, displacement ductility, energy dissipation capacity and high initial stiffness, and show similar seismic performance. 

Abstract:To solve the problems in design speed method for calculation of horizontal curve radius in the current specification, reliability design method is presented. Based on Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Highway Engineering Structures, the reliability of curve radius was defined. With lateral slide of vehicle traveling around horizontal curve as constraints, the performance function of curve radius was established and models for calculation of its reliability and reliable indicator were deduced. For solution of the models, analytical methods and Monte Carlo method were recommended. With selfdeveloped program, a case study was conducted to illustrate the reliability design method in calculating curve radius of an accidentprone highway. Based on psychological investigation, target reliability, reliable indicator, and minimum curve radiuses were recommended for design of curve radius of various grades of twolane highway. Hidden reliability of the current specification was calculated. The case study and the hidden reliability analysis together shows that even if the design result with design speed method satisfy requirement of the specification, it maybe not reach the standard of reliability design method. Therefore, Reliability design method for horizonal curve radius of highway alignment is helpful for safety improvement.

Abstract:To deal with the complex constituent of measured stress and low efficiency of utilizing the vast measured data, this paper developed a new approach for the prediction of stress development and condition assessment of bridge structures based on statistics theory. This method separates the stress with seasonal distribution and stochastic distribution from the whole measured stress using the statistics theory. By doing this, the stress development due to the structure deterioration can be observed and theoretically predicted, which gives a quantifiable structure assessment. Every data measured in the realtime measurement can be used to give the assessment results and each newlymeasured data in future can be applied to further update the results. A case study was finally conducted to show and prove the advantages of the proposed method.

Abstract:The soil temperature change year by year has a bad impact on the operation efficiency of ground source heat pump system (GSHP) which is caused by unreasonable design. Therefore it is necessary to make analysis for utilizable shallow thermal energy stored in the soil in order to realize the good design and application of GSHP system. With a coupled heat conduction and heat advection numerical model for ground heat exchanger, the theoretical calculations are done to make sure the impact of equal thermal energy injection into soil and extraction from soil which is in accordance with utilizable soil thermal energy method, and unequal case. The results show that the soil temperature almost goes back to the original state after one year for the case under utilizable soil thermal energy method. While for the other case with 25％ more thermal energy gain in summer, the mean soil temperature is higher than the initial one by 032 ℃ which is better for the operation in winter time but not for summer time. Therefore, for the cooling load dominated area, the utilizable cool energy amount in summer should be estimated after considering the heat gain of soil in winter and heat loss in intermediate season. It is true for the converse too.

Abstract:To solve the problem of simultaneous detection of pit defect and other planar defects, a pit defect detection method based on single linear CCD system is developed. On the basis of light radiation, light illumination and camera imaging model, the mathematic model for pit detection based on single linear CCD system is deduced. The mathematic model indicates the relationship of image pixel gray level and pit depth. By making use of the structure of special light source and illumination angle, the surface pit defect can be detected. The experimental results show that the gradual change of pit edge depth causes the gradual change of CCD output voltage signal, and then causes the gradual change of pit image edge gray level. The lower the illumination angle, the more obvious the image feature. The image feature of edge pixel gray level gradual change becomes the most important feature for the distinction of pit defect and other planar defects, which contributes to the pit defect detection and recognition.

Abstract:To develop EP1 receptor antagonists with higher activities, the key factors that affect the activities of EP1 antagonists were explored in this study. 103 EP1 antagonists were selected as data sets, and each molecule was calculated based on 254 parameters. Two regression methods of multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used. The results show that the quantitative structure-activity relationship models using both the MLR and PCA exhibit good predictive ability. The statistical results by MLR show training set R2=077, SEE=083, test set R2=074, SEP=033, and those by PCA show training set R2=072, SEE=045, test set R2=071, SEP=038.

Abstract:To obtain the relationship between impact toughness and fracture toughness, a curve relationship of the absorbed energy in the impact test, test temperature and ductile to brittle transition temperature was established. The expressions of fracture toughness of ship steel plates related to steel plate thicknesses and service temperatures were obtained. According to the PSN curve, the reliability was introduced, and the method to determine the corresponding fracture toughness of ship plate was realized under different steel plate thickness and service temperature in the arbitrary reliabilities condition, which can be a reference to make safe assessment of the cracked plate in ship structure.

Abstract:Aiming at various, heterogeneous, dynamic characteristics of the synthesized evaluation data for dynamic vehicle safety status, the influence factors of vehicle safety status including driver, vehicle and environment were systematically analyzed and sorted. An evaluation system and evaluation model for dynamic vehicle safety status were built based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory. The dynamic parameters of evaluation indexes were automatically obtained from vehicle terminal, and the evaluation vector and its maximum membership value were calculated. The safety status of vehicle moving along a straight or a curvature road was judged by the principle of maximum hamming. This model provides a new method of evaluating dynamic vehicle safety status.

Abstract:To estimate direction of arrival for the coherent signals, a virtual array method for direction of arrival estimation based on unitary transformation is proposed. In this approach, the covariance matrix, which is obtained from virtual array, is reconstructed by utilizing a unitary transformation matrix. The simulation results verify that the proposed method has high performance of decorrelation and estimation. The proposed method can decorrelate the coherent sources without a lot of snapshots and a reduction in array aperture. All of matrix computation are in realvalued space, thus, the computation complexity is very low.

Abstract:To study the effects of aadA transplastomic tobacco (TA) on soil microbial communities, the quantity of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi was investigated at seedling stage, flowering stage, and senescing stage by plate cultivation of microorganism, and the functional diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms was detected by Biolog Ecoplate method. The results showed that there was no significant difference on the populations of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi between aadA transplastomic tobacco and nontransgenic tobacco at same growing stage. The Biolog analysis indicated that the metabolism of rhizosphere microbial community were similar, aadA transplastomic tobacco didn’t affect the microbial community. In summary, aadA transplastomic tobacco had no significant effects on quantity and functional diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in soil during one year growth.

Abstract:To investigate the windresistant behavior of longspan steel truss bridge during construction of flexible arches, taking the world’s longest steel truss bridge with flexible arches as an example, the influence of closure position on the windresistant behavior has been studied, and based on the analysis results, different windresistant measures are proposed and compared, and an innovative measure is proposed according to the mechanical characteristics of this bridge. The results show that the protection against wind damage should be placed in a prominent position especially during the erection of the flexible arches. The innovative measure is effective, and provides reference to similar projects.