To improve the ductility of steelultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) composite structures, we proposed a type of demountable steelUHPC composite slab based on demountable shear connectors. The flexural tests for demountable steelUHPC composite slabs with different shear connection degrees were designed and completed. The failure mode, ultimate capacity, stiffness, cracking behavior, and relative slip of demountable steelUHPC composite slabs were analyzed and compared with those of steelUHPC composite slabs with welded shear connectors. The demountability of demountable steelUHPC composite slabs was discussed. The ultimate flexural capacity and flexural stiffness of demountable steelUHPC composite slabs were theoretically analyzed, and related calculation formulas were deduced. Results showed that the failure mode of demountable steelUHPC composite slabs was longitudinal horizontal shear bonding failure. Reducing the stud spacing could enhance the cooperative deformation capacity of demountable steelUHPC composite slabs, resulting in the improvement of their ultimate flexural capacity, stiffness at the elastic-plastic stage, and crack control ability. Different from the steelUHPC composite slabs with welded shear connectors, the steel slab and UHPC slab of the demountable steelUHPC composite slabs could be easily disassembled even in the condition of large deformation. The formulas for the ultimate flexural capacity and flexural stiffness of demountable steelUHPC composite slabs were derived. It was proposed that the height of UHPC slab should be reduced when calculating the flexural stiffness, and the reduction coefficient (β_U) was suggested to be 0.85 in serviceability state. The theoretical calculation results were in good agreement with the test results. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the design and application of steelUHPC composite slabs with demountable shear connectors.