To study the mechanical properties of perforated steel plate (PSP) shear connectors in prefabricated double-channel steel-concrete composite beams, seven groups of standard specimens were designed and push-out tests were conducted to compare and analyze the shear capacity and failure modes of PSP shear connectors with different parameters. The ABAQUS nonlinear finite element model was developed to numerically simulate the failure mode and force mechanism of PSP shear connectors, and the reliability of the finite element results was verified by comparing with the experimental results. On this basis, further analysis is conducted on the effects of the thickness of the perforated steel plate, the diameter of the hole, the strength of the concrete, the perforated reinforcement and the spacing between the connectors on the mechanical properties of PSP shear connectors. The results showed that, except for the 10 mm thick PSP shear connectors, all PSP shear connectors with the thicknesses of 4 mm and 6 mm underwent obvious bending deformation, and oblique cracks appeared in the concrete around the connectors when all specimens were failed.The diameter of the hole and the perforated reinforcement had little effect on the shear capacity and shear stiffness, while increasing the thickness of the perforated steel plate and concrete strength could improve the shear capacity and shear stiffness of PSP shear connectors. For double-row PSP shear connectors, increasing the spacing between the connectors could significantly improve the average bearing capacity of single-row PSP shear connectors, and when the spacing was 250 mm, the average shear capacity of single-row PSP shear connectors reached 91.2% of that of a single PSP connector. Finally, an equation for the calculation of the load-slip curve of a single PSP shear connector in prefabricated double-channel steel-concrete composite beams was proposed based on the experiment and finite element load-slip curve providing a reference for the design of prefabricated double-channel steel-concrete composite beams.