| 引用本文: | 齐静静,刘京,宋晓程,郭亮.大型城市河流对城市气候影响的实测研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(10):56.DOI:10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.2011.10.012 |
| QI Jing-jing,LIU Jing,SONG Xiao-cheng,GUO Liang.Field measurement of the influence of large urban river on urban thermal climate[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2011,43(10):56.DOI:10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.2011.10.012 |
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| 摘要: |
| 为得到夏季城市河流对热气侯的具体影响,采用定点观测方法,以松花江哈尔滨段为研究对象,在夏季最热月份展开为期一个月的实测,得出夏季各下垫面及大气温度的变化规律及各辐射通量的变化关系.数据分析显示:白天地表温度明显高于其他下垫面温度及大气温度.晴朗天气,地表温度比江面上空大气温度约高14℃,固定测点处水温低于河道上方的环境空气温度约2℃;且净辐射量值较大,可达700 W/m2.此时显热通量和潜热通量(尤其是显热通量)相对很小,占净辐射量的比例分别约为0.2%和1.8%.阴雨天气,水温略高于河道上空的江北固定测点空气温度约3℃;净辐射量较小,在100 W/m2左右波动.此时显热通量和潜热通量占净辐射量的比例分别约为9.5%和51.3%.晴朗天气太阳净辐射量绝大多数通过导热或透射的形式进入水体内部;阴雨天气,水面净辐射量的大部分又以对流传热传质的形式返回大气. |
| 关键词: 城市河流 城市热气候 实测 温度变化 动态热收支 |
| DOI：10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.2011.10.012 |
| 分类号:P461 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(50879015);城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室自主课题(2008TS06) |
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| Field measurement of the influence of large urban river on urban thermal climate |
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QI Jing-jing, LIU Jing, SONG Xiao-cheng, GUO Liang
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State Key Laboratory on Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,150090 Harbin,China
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| Abstract: |
| To obtain the specific influence of urban river on urban thermal climate in summer,fixed-point observation method is used to one-month field measurements in the section of Songhua River Basin in Harbin,and the data collection and analysis on temperature variations from several underlying surfaces and the atmosphere and dynamic thermal budgets have been finished.The results indicate that during the sunny days,ground surface temperature is mostly affected by solar radiation,and it is about 14 ℃ higher than atmosphere temperature above the river,while water temperature is about 3 ℃ lower than atmosphere temperature above the river.Meanwhile,net radiation rate reaches to 700 W/m2,while sensible heat flux and latent heat flux account for a small proportion of net radiation: only 0.2% and 1.8% respectively.The majority of net radiation could be considered to penetrate into the water through heat conduction and transmission while most of which is taken outside city as the river flows during sunny day.During the rainy days,the water temperature is about 2 ℃ higher than atmosphere temperature above the river,and the net radiation is about 100 W/m2,while the proportion of the sensible heat flux and latent heat flux in the whole net radiation is about 9.5% and 51.3%,respectively,which means that the main of net radiation from water surface returns to the atmosphere in the way of convective heat transfer and mass transfer. |
| Key words: urban river urban thermal climate field measurement temperature variation dynamic heat budge |
