| 引用本文: | 倪冬梅,赵秋红.需求服从自由分布的两阶段供应链订货策略[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2017,49(11):167.DOI:10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201705094 |
| NI Dongmei,ZHAO Qiuhong.Ordering policy with the demand obeying distribution free[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2017,49(11):167.DOI:10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201705094 |
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| 摘要: |
| 在企业的管理实践中，库存是一把双刃剑.库存过少会造成服务水平下降，缺货所带来的机会成本就会增加，为了维持较高的服务水平，企业会提高库存持有率，但库存过多就会增加库存费用，提高成本，使企业利润降低.因此，研究服务水平约束和缺货成本之间的关系是很有必要的.本文主要研究了在可变提前期和部分允许延迟交货情形下零售商库存决策问题，在分析服务水平约束基础上建立需求服从自由分布情形下的库存决策模型，并采用了Minmax方法来求最优订货量.最后，分析了不同需求分布和库存模型下最优解的差异，并对服务水平和安全系数进行了敏感度分析.通过分析可知在进行库存决策时将服务水平和缺货成本同时考虑，可以让企业清楚的知道每提高1%的服务水平所付出的成本，如果零售商只单独考虑服务水平或者缺货成本，零售商就无法知道自己损失的掉的成本或者服务水平是多少，因此，必须将成本和服务水平同时考虑，找到二者的最佳结合点，才能使企业在竞争中灵活地调整策略，来争取竞争优势.
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| 关键词: 服务水平 延迟交货 提前期 库存策略 自由分布 |
| DOI：10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201705094 |
| 分类号:F715.6 |
| 文献标识码:A |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(71471006); 大北农青年教师科研基金项目(15SK002) |
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| Ordering policy with the demand obeying distribution free |
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NI Dongmei1,2,ZHAO Qiuhong 3
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(1. School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; 2.Beijing Research Base for New Countryside Building, Beijing 102206, China; 3. School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)
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| Abstract: |
| In the practice of enterprises management, inventory is a double-edged sword. Adequate inventories can gain more profit and reputation for enterprises. But overstock will add inventory expenses, increase cost, reduce profit and go against management level for enterprises. On the contrary, low inventories can cause the decline of service level and affect the sales profit and reputation. This paper mainly studies the inventory decision problems of the retailers under the condition of variable lead time and partial admission for delay in delivery, and analyzes it when service level is bounded and the demand follows free distribution. The dissertation adopts the accurate solution method and the Minmax method to find the optimal order quantity respectively. In the end, it analyzes the differences of the optimal solution under different inventory models, and takes sensitivity analysis in service level and safety factor into consideration, through which the enterprises can know the lost cost for the 1% increasing of the service level when the service level and lost cost are taken into account at the same time. If the retailer only consider the service level, not stock-out, the retailer will not know how much is their loss of the cost for service level declining. It must be considered not the lost cost but also service level to find the best combination of the two points, so that the enterprise can adjust the strategy in the competition, to gain competitive advantage.
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| Key words: service level delivery delay lead time inventory strategy distribution free |
